نشریه هنرهای کاربردی
سال چهارم شماره 2 (پاییز و زمستان 1394)

The urban space is a combination of social relations in the body of the city in the semantic context to meet the needs of the citizens. This environment is a place for the flow of people’s social life and creation of the ground for social interactions of citizens in a city. But what is now visible in cities has no resemblance to the real meaning of urban space and social urban space, and gradually its spiritual and social dimensions is reduced and only a body has remained. Due to the important effects of urban areas on citizens’ life and behavior, and with regard to the main contents of the spaces that is social relationships and interactions between citizens; This study has discussed the factors and criteria in the views of different scholars in the field of urban environment quality, with an emphasis on increasing social interaction. This study seeks to be able to underlie the development of the quality of the environment as one of the main objectives of the urban design by checking and categorizing qualitative criteria that influence the improvement of the social dimension of urban space. For this purpose, after reviewing the relevant concepts to quality and urban space and also the social interactions with descriptive analytical method, criteria and factors influential on the quality of urban spaces qualitative growth are identified and to measure the extent of the impact of these factors, they are checked in study area of Mashhad, Ahmad Abad Street. Then the obtained information were analyzed through field survey and individual interviews and by completing questionnaires. At the end, a model of criteria and qualities was provided from different sources on the urban space quality relying on presented social interactions and its impact on the case study was demonstrated.

Methods for studying and analyzing images are important in art studies and art history. Iconography as a non-historical approach in its analyzes, places emphasis on the elements of the form that are placed against content elements. The shape as the external representation of an art leads the audience to an understanding of the concept or meaning implied in it and is the gateway to the content. Painting as a decorative element in monuments and manuscripts has always been of great importance for the transmission of social, cultural and political messages. After the Seljuq's influence in the Abbasid court, there were significant changes in the style of the book design. The result of this influence is the creation of images of some Arabic versions influenced by Iranian and Central Asian works in the Abbasi's writing book. In this paper, by using images of manuscripts in the Baghdad school, a case study of the Varaqe and Golshah treatise with semiotic science is analyzed. The study initially introduced Baghdad schooling. Then, with the emphasis on painting semantics, we find that there is a link between the Arabic and Sassanian illustrations that have played a significant role in shaping the works of the Baghdad school.

Animation as an artistic industry is considered as one of the main demarches for communication in contemporary world. A common way to show art as a national culture. It is a matter which is not only included in art but also depends significantly on industry events. Iran animation couldn’t be considered as an industry due to some factors, so Iran lacks the capacities of this strong media. The primary term and condition to develop national animation is to create a regulatory and monitoring system having economic, artistic and cultural managers and strategists. Considering the status quo, this field strongly requires a hierarchical and permanent system based on which can find the executive systems and the executional capacity of developmental rules. This study aims at investigation and analysis of art production market- animation industry in Iran and the barriers to its development. To do so, managerial SWOT Model is applied in order to identify the factors preventing animation development in Iran by studying the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. To achieve that goal, statistical population was considered and some questionnaires were provided. The main question of this study is that "what are the most important damages in statistical population and how they can be developed?" In term of objective, the methodology is considered as applied type and in term of data collection is considered as survey type. "54" types of damages were recognized, then by using questionnaire No.1 the damages were filtered, finally "19" most injurious damages were recognized which were entered into questionnaire No.2. According to the findings of this study, damages related to domestic weaknesses and foreigner threats obtained first and second rank, respectively. The highest rank in the scope of foreigner threats is dedicated to the lack of governmental support and credit allocation and the highest rank in the scope of domestic weaknesses is dedicated to the lack of unique management of animation production. Our hope is to help the development of Iran animation by using the obtained data.

Applied arts are the most important works of ancient Iran civilization. These works are the subject of researches from different aspects.
The analysis have done in some of the research approaches, examined different aspects of the works independent or at least in the context of the historical period in which the works were created.
Typically in most researches, the form is categorized or techniques, motifs (geometric, animals, plants, etc.) and other aspects of the works of art are sufficient studied. And the nature, meaning and the real existence of the works, may be neglected and remains undetected.
Theories in the field of intertextuality, have been providing a new understanding of the text, which conveys that, that no text is self-sufficient, and each text at the same time will be an intertextual concept of previous texts and next texts. With the expansion of the concept, text (linguistic signs) is not the only applicable text and interpretable phenomenon but also can be considered as text. Therefore every phenomenon of the text can be read by using methods of intertextuality.
The question of this paper is: how intertextuality approach can be used for reading and analyzing of applied arts? In this paper to answer the research question, Nishapur pottery designs are considered as the case study of research.
Since intertextuality is being a famous concept among different scholars, and because in different periods, it has different interpretations, in this paper Julia Kristeva and Roland Barthes theories are the fundamentals for analysis.
This study showed that the intertextuality approach can be used as a theoretical basis and a new possibility for art researches in order to gain further more accurate results.

The archaeological value of Marlik goblets -which were found near Roudbar in Gilan province in 1340- is known widely. The metalworking art shown in these pieces speaks of their makers ingenuity. Unfortunately in the studies done on these cups not much attention was paid to their designs. Since these designs have many pictorial codes, they are suitable cases for study from different artistic points of view. Therefor in this study two goblets- the winged cow and the legend of life- were chosen in order to identify their designs and images, introduced and read with semiotical perspective. This study was done by descriptive-analytic method and looks for an answer to the question that what does the codes in these two goblets actually mean. Therefor at first these two goblets were introduced, their images were identified and then the motifs are decoded. The results in this study indicates that The two goblets are abstract and show signs of the other world. In the winged cow goblet(cow and lotus) and in the legend of life goblet (palm tree) all signs are of sacredness. In the winged cow goblet (lotus) and in the legend of life goblet( tale of birth to death) both show sign of creation and the afterlife, also in both goblets there were signs of the belief in life after death. In the legend of life the dominance of sensual and materialistic forces and the human part in this cycle are shown. And in the winged cow goblet the dominance of spiritual forces in order to ascent in shown.

Invironmental graphics includes the visual attractions of a city; the city achieves the visual and beauty balance by the environmental graphics. The tasks of the environmental graphics are in the field of advertising and beautification of the city; the important topics of environmental graphics include the coordination with the urban environment, aesthetics and identification. The coordination, the first principle in this field will save the city from the visual disorder; the key task of the environmental graphics is formed according to the rules of the art and in relation to the architecture of the city; but the aesthetics and identification affect significantly the tourism attraction.
in this paper, relying on the aesthetics and identification of the environmental graphics and introducing the successful global examples in this field, the effective role of the environmental graphics for increasing the urban tourism is studied. In this regard, relying on the library resources and authentic sites, the successful examples of the environmental graphics in the world and their constructive role in attracting the tourists have been investigated by a descriptive and analytical method. Among the different kinds of the environmental graphics, the cases that are more indicative of the aesthetics and identification aspects, such as the urban sculptures and wall paintings that are attractive from the tourism viewpoint are studied instead of the cases which show the propagandistic aspect in this field. The result of this study shows that the innovative approach with considering the national identity not only increase the urban attractions but also cause to remain in the minds of domestic and foreign tourists permanently and develop the urban tourism.